(三)教材使用建议
教师要善于结合教学实际的需要,灵活而有创造性地使用教材,对教材的内容、编排顺序和教学方法等方面进行适当的取舍或调整,使教材为教学目的服务,为学生知识、能力和人格发展服务。
1. 有效整合教学内容
在使用教材的过程中,教师可以根据需要对教材内容进行适当的补充,以使教材的内容更加符合学生的需要和贴近学生的实际生活。在对教材进行适当补充时,教师还可以根据实际情况对教材的内容进行适当的取舍。教师对教材进行补充或取舍时,不应该影响教材的完整性和系统性。要避免为了考试而随意对教材内容进行调整。如有可能,应尽量与学生一起协商补充或取舍哪些内容。
2. 合理设计教学活动
在某些教材中,教学活动的难度过高或过低的现象时有发生。如果教师认为某个活动太难,可以增加几个准备性或提示性的步骤,从而降低活动的难度;如果活动太容易,教师可以对原有的活动进行延伸,比如:在阅读理解的基础上展开讨论或辩论、增加词汇训练或进行写作训练等。
3. 灵活选择教学方法
由于客观条件的差异、学生现有水平的差异以及教学实际情况的差异,有时教材推荐或建议的教学方法不一定适合实际教学的需要。在这种情况下教师要注意调整教学方法。
4. 总结教材使用情况
教材使用一段时间以后,应该及时对使用情况进行总结和分析。主要包括以下几个方面:
(1)教材的使用是否实现了预先制定的教学目标?
(2)教材的使用是否有利于提高教学效果?
(3)教师和学生对教材的满意程度?
(4)教材在使用过程中存在哪些明显的优缺点?
(5)如果继续使用该种教材,应该在哪些方面做进一步的调整?
第五部分 附 录
一、语音项目表
1. 基本读音
(1) 26个字母的读音
(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音
(3) 元音字母在单词中的基本读音
(4) 常见的元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
(5) 常见的辅音字母组合在单词中的基本读音
(6) 辅音连缀的读音
(7) 成节音的读音
2. 重音
(1) 单词重音
(2) 句子重音
3. 读音的变化
(1) 连读
(2) 失去爆破
(3) 弱读
(4) 同化
4. 语调与节奏
(1) 意群与停顿
(2) 语调
(3) 节奏
说明:
1. 要注意语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用。口语交际中不要单纯地追求单音的准确性,应该注意语义和语境、语调和语流的相结合。
2. 要注意提供大量的机会让学生听音、模仿和实践,在语音教学的起始阶段就使学生形成良好的发音能力和习惯。
3. 要注意英语国家英语语音的差异,要让学生在基本掌握了一种语音的基础上,适当地接触一些不同的英语语音,帮助他们提高辨别语音的能力和交际能力。
二、语法项目表
1. 名词
(1) 可数名词及其单复数
(2) 不可数名词
(3) 专有名词
(4) 名词所有格
2. 代词
(1) 人称代词
(2) 物主代词
(3) 反身代词
(4) 指示代词
(5) 不定代词
(6) 疑问代词
3. 数词
(1) 基数词
(2) 序数词
4. 介词和介词短语
5. 连词
6. 形容词 (比较级和最高级)
7. 副 词 (比较级和最高级)
8. 冠词
9. 动词
(1) 动词的基本形式
(2) 系动词
(3) 及物动词和不及物动词
(4) 助动词
(5) 情态动词
10. 时态
(1) 一般现在时
(2) 一般过去时
(3) 一般将来时
(4) 现在进行时
(5) 过去进行时
(6) 过去将来时
(7) 现在完成时
(8) 过去完成时
11. 被动语态
12. 非谓语动词
(1) 动词不定式
(2) 动词的-ing形式
(3) 动词的-ed形式
13. 构词法
(1) 合成法
(2) 派生法
(3) 转化法
(4) 缩写和简写
14. 句子种类
(1) 陈述句 (肯定句和否定句)
(2) 疑问句:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句
(3) 祈使句
(4) 感叹句
15. 句子成分
(1) 主语
(2) 谓语 (主谓一致)
(3) 表语
(4) 宾语 (直接宾语和间接宾语)
(5) 补语
(6) 定语
(7) 状语
16. 简单句的基本句型
(1) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
(2) 主语 + 不及物动词
(3) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
(4) 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
(5) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
(6) there + be 句型
17. 并列复合句
18. 主从复合句
(1) 宾语从句
(2) 状语从句
(3) 定语从句
(4) 主语从句
(5) 同位语从句
(6) 表语从句
19. 直接引语和间接引语
20. 省略
21. 倒装
22. 强调
23. 虚拟语
三、功能项目表
1. 社会交往 (Social Communications )
(1) 问候 (Greetings)
(2) 介绍 (Introductions)
(3) 告别 (Farewell)
(4) 感谢 (Thanks)
(5) 道歉 (Apologies)
(6) 邀请 (Invitations)
(7) 请求允许 (Ask for permission)
(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)
(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)
(10) 接受或拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)
(11) 约会 (Making appointments)
(12) 打电话 (Making telephones)
(13) 就餐 (Having meals)
(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)
(15) 购物 (Shopping)
(16) 问路 (Asking the way)
(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)
(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)
(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)
(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)
(21) 劝告 (Advice)
(22) 建议 (Suggestions)
2. 态度 (Attitudes)
(23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)
(24) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)
(25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)
(26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)
(27) 能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)
(28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)
(29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)
(30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)
(31) 表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)
(32) 责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)
(33) 冷淡 (Indifference)
(34) 判断与评价 (Judgment and evaluation)
3. 情感 (Emotions)
(35) 高兴 (Happiness)
(36) 惊奇 (Surprise)
(37) 忧虑 (Worries)
(38) 安慰 (Reassurance)
(39) 满意 (Satisfaction)
(40) 遗憾 (Regret)
(41) 同情 (Sympathy)
(42) 恐惧 (Fear)
(43) 愤怒 (Anger)
4. 时间 (Time)
(44) 时刻 (Point of time)
(45) 时段 (Duration)
(46) 频度 (Frequency)
(47) 时序 (Sequence)
5. 空间 (Space)
(48) 位置 (Position)
(49) 方向 (Direction)
(50) 距离 (Distance)
6. 存在 (Existence)
(51) 存在与不存在 (Existence and non-existence)
7. 特征 (Features)
(52) 形状 (Shape)
(53) 颜色 (Colour)
(54) 材料 (Material)
(55) 价格 (Price)
(56) 规格 (Size)
(57) 年纪 (Age)
8. 计量 (Measurements)
(58) 长度 (Length)
(59) 宽度 (Width)
(60) 高度 (Height)
(61) 数量 (Number)
(62) 重量 (Weight)
9. 比较 (Comparison)
(63) 同级比较 (Equal comparison)
(64) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)
(65) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference)
10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)
(66) 原因和结果 (Cause and effect)
(67) 目的 (Purpose)
11. 职业 (Occupations)
(68) 工作 (Jobs)
(69) 单位 (Employer)
(70) 面试 (Interview)
四、词汇表
A
a (an)
ability
able
about
above
abroad
absence
absent
accent
accept
accident
according to
account
ache
achieve
across
act
action
active
activity
actor
actress
actual
AD
ad (缩)
=advertisement
add
addition
address
admire
admission
admit
adult
advance
advantage
adventure
advertise
advertisement
advice
advise
aeroplane
affair
affect
afford
afraid
Africa
African
after
afternoon
afterwards
again
against
age
aggression
aggressive
ago
agree
agreement
agricultural
agriculture
ahead
aid
air
aircraft
airline
airmail
airplane
airport
alarm
alive
all
allow
almost
alone
along
aloud
already
also
although
altogether
always
am
a.m./am,A.M./AM
amaze
ambulance
America
American
among
amuse
amusement
ancient
ancestor
and
anger
angry
animal
announce
announcement
annoy
another
answer
ant
Antarctic
Antarctica
antique
anxious
any
anybody
anyhow
anyone
anything
anyway
anywhere
apartment
apologize
apology
appear
appearance
apple
application
apply
appointment
appreciate
April
Arab
Arabic
Arctic
the Arctic
the Arctic Ocean
area
argue
argument
arise (arose, arisen)
arithmetic
arm
armchair
army
around
arrange
arrangement
arrival
arrive
arrow
art
article
artist
as
ash
ashamed
Asia
Asian
aside
ask
asleep
assistant
astonish
astronaut
astronomy
at
athlete
Atlantic
the Atlantic Ocean
atmosphere
atom
attack
attempt
attend
attention
attentively
attitude
attract
attractive
audience
author
August
aunt
Australia
Australian
autumn
avenue
average
avoid
awake (awoke,
awoken)
award
away
B
baby
back
backache
background
backward(s)
bacon
bacterium (复
bacteria)
bad
badly
badminton
bag
baggage
bake
bakery
balance
balcony
ball
ballet
balloon
ballpoint = ballpoint pen bamboo
ban
banana
bandage
bank
bar
barbecue
barber
barbershop
bargain
bark
base
baseball
basement
basic
basin
basket
basketball
bat
bath
bathe
bathrobe
bathroom
bathtub
battery
battle
battleground
bay
BC
be
beach
beam
bean
beancurd
bear
beard
beast
beat (beat, beaten)
beautiful
beauty
because
become (became,
become)
bed
bedclothes
bedroom
bee
beef
beer
before
beg
begin (began,
begun)
beginning
behave
behaviour
behind
Beijing
being
Belgium
belief
believe
bell
belly
belong
below
belt
bench
bend (bent, bent)
beneath
bent
beside
besides
best
best-seller
better
between
beyond
bicycle
big
bike = bicycle
bill
billion
biology
bird
birdcage
birth
birthday
birthplace
biscuit
bit
bite (bit, bitten)
bitter
black
blackboard
blame
blank
blanket
bleed
bless
blind
block
blood
blouse
blow
blow (blew, blown)
blue
board
boat
boat race
boating
body
body building
boil
bomb
bone
bones
book
bookcase
bookmark
bookshelf
bookshop
bookstore
boot
booth
border
boring
born
borrow
boss
botany
both
bottle
bottom
bound
bow
box
boxing
boy
brain
brake
branch
brave
bravery
bread
break
break (broke, broken)
breakfast
breath
breathe
brick
bride
bridegroom
bridge
brief
bright
bring (brought,
brought)
Britain
British
broad
broadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed, -ed) broken
broom
brother
brotherhood
brown
brunch
brush
bucket
Buddhism
Buddhist
build (built, built)
bun
burial
burn (-ed, -ed 或
burnt, burnt)
burst
bury
bus
bus stop
bush
business
businessman
businesswoman
busy
but
butcher
butter
butterfly
button
buy(bought, bought)
bye
C
cab
cabbage
cafe
cafeteria
cage
cake
call
calm
camel
camera
camp
can
can
Canada
Canadian
canal
cancel
cancer
candle
candy
canteen
cap
capital
captain
car
carbon card
card games
care
careful
careless
carpet
carriage
carrier
carrot
carry
cartoon
carve
case
cash
cast (cast, cast)
castle
cat
catch (caught,
caught)
cathedral
cattle
cause
cave
CD
CD-ROM
ceiling
celebrate
celebration
cell
cellar
cent
centigrade
centimetre (美
centimeter)
central
centre (美 center )
century
certain
certainly
certificate
chain
chain store(s)
chair
chairman
chairwoman
chalk
challenge
challenging
champion
chance
changeable
change
channel
character
charge
chapter
chart
chat
cheap
cheat
check
cheek
cheer
Cheer up
cheerful
Cheers
cheese
chemical
chemist
chemistry
cheque (美check)
chess
chest
chew
chick
chicken
chief
child (复children)
childhood
chimney
China
Chinese
chips
chocolate
choice
choke
choose (chose,
chosen)
chopsticks
Christian
Christmas
Christmas card
Christmas tree
Christmas Eve
church
cigar
cigarette
cinema
circle
circus
citizen
city
civil
clap
class
classical
classmate
classroom
clean
cleaner
clear
clearly
clerk
clever
click
climate
climb
clinic
clock
clone
close
cloth
clothes
clothing
cloud
cloudy
club
coach
coal
coast
coat
cock
coffee
coin
Coke
cold
cold-blooded
collar
colleague
collect
collection
college
colour (美color)
comb
combine
come (came, come)
comedy
comfort
comfortable
comma
command
comment
common
communicate
communication
communism
communist
companion
company
compare
compete
competition
competitor
complete
composition
compressed
computer
computer game
comrade
conceited
concert
conclude
conclusion
condition
conduct
conductor
conference
congratulate
congratulation
connect
connection
conservation
conservative
consider
considerate
consideration
consist
constant
construct
construction
contain
container
content
continent
continue
contrary
contribution
control
convenience
convenient
conversation
cook
cooker
cookie
cool
cop
copy
coral
cordless
corn
corner
correct
correction
correspond
cost
cost (cost, cost)
cottage
cotton
cough
could
count
counter
country
countryside
couple
courage
course
coursebook
court
courtyard
cousin
cover
cow
cowboy
co-worker.
crayon
crazy
cream
create
credit
crime
criminal
crew
crop
cross
crossing
crossroads
crowd
crowded
cruel
cry
cubic
culture
cup
cupboard
cure
curious
currency
curtain
cushion
custom
customer
customs
cut (cut, cut)
cycle
cyclist
D
dad = daddy
daily
dam
damage
damp
dance
danger
dangerous
dare
dark
darkness
dash
data
database
date
daughter
dawn
day
daylight
dead
deadline
deaf
deal
dear
death
debate
debt
December
decide
decision
declare
decorate
decoration
deed
deep
deeply
deer
defeat
defence (美defense)
defend
degree
delay
delete
delicious
delight
delighted
deliver
demand
dentist
department (缩
Dept.)
department store
departure
depend
depth
describe
description
desert1
design
desire
desk
dessert
destroy
detective
determination
determine
develop
development
devote
devotion
diagram
dial
dialogue (美 dialog)
diamond
diary
dictation
dictionary
diet
differ
difference
different
difficult
difficulty
dig (dug, dug)
digest
digital
dine
dining room
dinner
dip
diploma
direct
direction
director
directory
dirt
dirty
disability
disabled
disadvantage
disagree
disagreement
disappear
disappoint
disappointment
disaster
discount
discourage
discover
discovery
discrimination
discuss
discussion
disease
dish
disk =disc
dislike
dismiss
disobey
distance
distant
district
disturb
dive
divide
division
dizzy
do (did, done)
doctor
document
does
dog
doll
dollar
door
dormitory(缩dorm)
dot
double
double-decker
doubt
down
download
downstairs
downtown
downward
dozen
Dr(缩) = Doctor
drag
draw (drew, drawn)
drawer
drawing
dream (dreamt,
dreamt 或-ed, -ed)
dress
drier =dryer
drill
drink
drink (drank,
drunk)
drive (drove,
driven)
driver
driver''s license(美)
driving-licence(英)
drop
drown
drug
drum
drunk
dry
dryer
duck
duckling
due
dull
dumpling
during
dusk
dust
dustbin
dusty
duty
DVD (digital
versatile disk)
E
each
eager
eagle
ear
early
earn
earth
earthquake
ease
easily
east
Easter
eastern
eastwards
easy
easy-going
eat (ate, eaten)
edge
edition
editor
educate
educator
education
effect
effort
egg
eggplant
Egypt
Egyptian
eight
eighteen
eighth
eighty
either
elder
elect
electric
electrical
electricity
electronic
elephant
eleven
else
E-mail
embassy
emergency
emperor
empire
employ
empty
encourage
encouragement
end
ending
endless
enemy
energetic
energy
engine
engineer
England
English
English-speaking
enjoy
enjoyable
enlarge
enough
enquiry
enter
entertainment
entire
entrance
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