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江苏省教育厅关于印发《江苏省五年制高等职业教育语文、数学、英语课程标准(试行)》的通知

(三)教材使用建议
教师要善于结合教学实际的需要,灵活而有创造性地使用教材,对教材的内容、编排顺序和教学方法等方面进行适当的取舍或调整,使教材为教学目的服务,为学生知识、能力和人格发展服务。
1. 有效整合教学内容
在使用教材的过程中,教师可以根据需要对教材内容进行适当的补充,以使教材的内容更加符合学生的需要和贴近学生的实际生活。在对教材进行适当补充时,教师还可以根据实际情况对教材的内容进行适当的取舍。教师对教材进行补充或取舍时,不应该影响教材的完整性和系统性。要避免为了考试而随意对教材内容进行调整。如有可能,应尽量与学生一起协商补充或取舍哪些内容。
2. 合理设计教学活动
在某些教材中,教学活动的难度过高或过低的现象时有发生。如果教师认为某个活动太难,可以增加几个准备性或提示性的步骤,从而降低活动的难度;如果活动太容易,教师可以对原有的活动进行延伸,比如:在阅读理解的基础上展开讨论或辩论、增加词汇训练或进行写作训练等。
3. 灵活选择教学方法
由于客观条件的差异、学生现有水平的差异以及教学实际情况的差异,有时教材推荐或建议的教学方法不一定适合实际教学的需要。在这种情况下教师要注意调整教学方法。
4. 总结教材使用情况
教材使用一段时间以后,应该及时对使用情况进行总结和分析。主要包括以下几个方面:
(1)教材的使用是否实现了预先制定的教学目标?
  (2)教材的使用是否有利于提高教学效果?
  (3)教师和学生对教材的满意程度?
  (4)教材在使用过程中存在哪些明显的优缺点?
(5)如果继续使用该种教材,应该在哪些方面做进一步的调整?

第五部分 附 录
 
一、语音项目表
1. 基本读音
(1) 26个字母的读音
(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音
(3) 元音字母在单词中的基本读音
(4) 常见的元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
(5) 常见的辅音字母组合在单词中的基本读音
(6) 辅音连缀的读音
(7) 成节音的读音
2. 重音

(1) 单词重音
(2) 句子重音

3. 读音的变化

(1) 连读
(2) 失去爆破

(3) 弱读
(4) 同化

4. 语调与节奏

(1) 意群与停顿
(2) 语调

(3) 节奏

说明:
  1. 要注意语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用。口语交际中不要单纯地追求单音的准确性,应该注意语义和语境、语调和语流的相结合。
  2. 要注意提供大量的机会让学生听音、模仿和实践,在语音教学的起始阶段就使学生形成良好的发音能力和习惯。
  3. 要注意英语国家英语语音的差异,要让学生在基本掌握了一种语音的基础上,适当地接触一些不同的英语语音,帮助他们提高辨别语音的能力和交际能力。
二、语法项目表

1. 名词
(1) 可数名词及其单复数
(2) 不可数名词
(3) 专有名词
(4) 名词所有格
2. 代词
(1) 人称代词
(2) 物主代词
(3) 反身代词
(4) 指示代词
(5) 不定代词
(6) 疑问代词
3. 数词
(1) 基数词
(2) 序数词
4. 介词和介词短语
5. 连词
6. 形容词 (比较级和最高级)
7. 副 词 (比较级和最高级)
8. 冠词
9. 动词
(1) 动词的基本形式
(2) 系动词
(3) 及物动词和不及物动词
(4) 助动词
(5) 情态动词
10. 时态
(1) 一般现在时
(2) 一般过去时
(3) 一般将来时
(4) 现在进行时
(5) 过去进行时
(6) 过去将来时
(7) 现在完成时
(8) 过去完成时
11. 被动语态
12. 非谓语动词
(1) 动词不定式
(2) 动词的-ing形式
(3) 动词的-ed形式
13. 构词法
(1) 合成法
(2) 派生法
(3) 转化法
(4) 缩写和简写
14. 句子种类
(1) 陈述句 (肯定句和否定句)
(2) 疑问句:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句
(3) 祈使句
(4) 感叹句
15. 句子成分
(1) 主语
(2) 谓语 (主谓一致)
(3) 表语
(4) 宾语 (直接宾语和间接宾语)
(5) 补语
(6) 定语
(7) 状语
16. 简单句的基本句型
(1) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
(2) 主语 + 不及物动词
(3) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
(4) 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
(5) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
(6) there + be 句型
17. 并列复合句
18. 主从复合句
(1) 宾语从句
(2) 状语从句
(3) 定语从句
(4) 主语从句
(5) 同位语从句
(6) 表语从句
19. 直接引语和间接引语
20. 省略
21. 倒装
22. 强调
23. 虚拟语

三、功能项目表
1. 社会交往 (Social Communications )
(1) 问候 (Greetings)
(2) 介绍 (Introductions)
(3) 告别 (Farewell)
(4) 感谢 (Thanks)
(5) 道歉 (Apologies)
(6) 邀请 (Invitations)
(7) 请求允许 (Ask for permission)
(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)
(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)
(10) 接受或拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)
(11) 约会 (Making appointments)
(12) 打电话 (Making telephones)
(13) 就餐 (Having meals)
(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)
(15) 购物 (Shopping)
(16) 问路 (Asking the way)
(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)
(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)
(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)
(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)
(21) 劝告 (Advice)
(22) 建议 (Suggestions)
2. 态度 (Attitudes)
(23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)
(24) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)
(25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)
(26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)
(27) 能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)
(28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)
(29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)
(30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)
(31) 表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)
(32) 责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)
(33) 冷淡 (Indifference)
(34) 判断与评价 (Judgment and evaluation)
3. 情感 (Emotions)
(35) 高兴 (Happiness)
(36) 惊奇 (Surprise)
(37) 忧虑 (Worries)
(38) 安慰 (Reassurance)
(39) 满意 (Satisfaction)
(40) 遗憾 (Regret)
(41) 同情 (Sympathy)
(42) 恐惧 (Fear)
(43) 愤怒 (Anger)
4. 时间 (Time)
(44) 时刻 (Point of time)
(45) 时段 (Duration)
(46) 频度 (Frequency)
(47) 时序 (Sequence)
5. 空间 (Space)
(48) 位置 (Position)
(49) 方向 (Direction)
(50) 距离 (Distance)
6. 存在 (Existence)
(51) 存在与不存在 (Existence and non-existence)
7. 特征 (Features)
(52) 形状 (Shape)
(53) 颜色 (Colour)
(54) 材料 (Material)
(55) 价格 (Price)
(56) 规格 (Size)
(57) 年纪 (Age)
8. 计量 (Measurements)
(58) 长度 (Length)
(59) 宽度 (Width)
(60) 高度 (Height)
(61) 数量 (Number)
(62) 重量 (Weight)
9. 比较 (Comparison)
(63) 同级比较 (Equal comparison)
(64) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)
(65) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference)
10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)
(66) 原因和结果 (Cause and effect)
(67) 目的 (Purpose)
11. 职业 (Occupations)
(68) 工作 (Jobs)
(69) 单位 (Employer)
(70) 面试 (Interview)
四、词汇表

A

a (an) 
ability 
able   
about
above 
abroad    
absence
absent 
accent 
accept
accident 
according to
account 
ache 
achieve
across
act    
action 
active 
activity
actor  
actress 
actual 
AD   
ad (缩)
=advertisement
add       
addition   
address
admire    
admission
admit 
adult  
advance
advantage
adventure
advertise 
advertisement
advice
advise 
aeroplane 
affair 
affect 
afford 
afraid 
Africa 
African 
after  
afternoon 
afterwards 
again  
against 
age   
aggression
aggressive
ago
agree 
agreement 
agricultural 
agriculture 
ahead  
aid
air
aircraft 
airline 
airmail
airplane
airport
alarm
alive  
all 
allow 
almost
alone  
along 
aloud 
already 
also   
although   
altogether
always 
am
a.m./am,A.M./AM 
amaze 
ambulance 
America
American  
among       
amuse
amusement 
ancient
ancestor
and       
anger
angry 
animal
announce
announcement 
annoy    
another
answer
ant 
Antarctic
Antarctica 
antique    
anxious
any   
anybody
anyhow
anyone 
anything 
anyway 
anywhere
apartment 
apologize
apology 
appear  
appearance
apple  
application
apply  
appointment
appreciate 
April  
Arab  
Arabic 
Arctic
the Arctic
the Arctic Ocean
area   
argue 
argument
arise (arose, arisen) 
arithmetic
arm
armchair
army  
around 
arrange 
arrangement
arrival
arrive 
arrow 
art  
article 
artist 
as  
ash 
ashamed
Asia 
Asian 
aside 
ask 
asleep 
assistant 
astonish 
astronaut 
astronomy 
at
athlete    
Atlantic 
the Atlantic Ocean
atmosphere 
atom  
attack  
attempt  
attend 
attention 
attentively
attitude  
attract   
attractive 
audience 
author  
August
aunt   
Australia 
Australian
autumn  
avenue 
average 
avoid  
awake (awoke,
awoken) 
award 
away


B

baby
back 
backache 
background
backward(s) 
bacon
bacterium (复
bacteria)
bad
badly
badminton
bag
baggage
bake
bakery
balance
balcony
ball
ballet
balloon
ballpoint = ballpoint pen bamboo 
ban 
banana
bandage 
bank
bar
barbecue 
barber
barbershop
bargain 
bark 
base
baseball
basement
basic
basin
basket
basketball
bat
bath 
bathe 
bathrobe
bathroom
bathtub
battery
battle 
battleground
bay 
BC 
be
beach
beam
bean 
beancurd
bear
beard
beast
beat (beat, beaten)
beautiful
beauty
because
become (became,
become) 
bed 
bedclothes 
bedroom
bee
beef 
beer 
before 
beg 
begin (began,
begun)
beginning 
behave 
behaviour 
behind 
Beijing
being 
Belgium
belief 
believe
bell
belly
belong 
below 
belt
bench 
bend (bent, bent)
beneath 
bent 
beside
besides
best
best-seller
better
between 
beyond 
bicycle 
big
bike = bicycle
bill 
billion 
biology 
bird
birdcage
birth
birthday
birthplace
biscuit
bit
bite (bit, bitten)
bitter 
black 
blackboard
blame
blank 
blanket 
bleed
bless 
blind
block
blood 
blouse 
blow
blow (blew, blown)
blue
board 
boat
boat race
boating 
body 
body building 
boil 
bomb
bone
bones
book 
bookcase
bookmark
bookshelf
bookshop
bookstore 
boot 
booth
border 
boring 
born
borrow 
boss
botany 
both 
bottle 
bottom 
bound
bow
box
boxing
boy 
brain
brake
branch 
brave
bravery
bread
break
break (broke, broken)
breakfast
breath 
breathe
brick 
bride
bridegroom
bridge 
brief 
bright 
bring (brought,
brought) 
Britain
British
broad 
broadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed, -ed) broken 
broom
brother
brotherhood
brown 
brunch 
brush 
bucket 
Buddhism 
Buddhist 
build (built, built) 
bun
burial
burn (-ed, -ed 或
burnt, burnt) 
burst
bury
bus
bus stop 
bush 
business 
businessman 
businesswoman 
busy
but
butcher 
butter
butterfly
button 
buy(bought, bought)
bye
 

C

cab
cabbage
cafe 
cafeteria
cage
cake
call 
calm 
camel
camera 
camp
can
can
Canada
Canadian
canal
cancel 
cancer
candle
candy
canteen 
cap 
capital 
captain
car 
carbon card
card games
care 
careful 
careless
carpet
carriage
carrier
carrot
carry 
cartoon 
carve
case 
cash
cast (cast, cast)
castle
cat
catch (caught,
caught)
cathedral 
cattle
cause 
cave 
CD
CD-ROM
ceiling
celebrate 
celebration
cell
cellar
cent 
centigrade
centimetre (美
centimeter) 
central 
centre (美 center ) 
century
certain
certainly 
certificate
chain 
chain store(s)
chair 
chairman
chairwoman
chalk 
challenge
challenging
champion
chance 
changeable
change
channel
character
charge
chapter 
chart 
chat
cheap
cheat 
check
cheek
cheer
Cheer up
cheerful
Cheers
cheese
chemical
chemist
chemistry
cheque (美check)
chess
chest 
chew 
chick 
chicken
chief 
child (复children) 
childhood 
chimney 
China
Chinese
chips
chocolate
choice 
choke
choose (chose,
chosen)
chopsticks
Christian 
Christmas 
Christmas card
Christmas tree
Christmas Eve
church
cigar 
cigarette 
cinema 
circle 
circus
citizen 
city
civil 
clap
class
classical 
classmate
classroom
clean 
cleaner 
clear 
clearly
clerk
clever
click 
climate
climb 
clinic 
clock
clone 
close
cloth
clothes 
clothing 
cloud 
cloudy 
club 
coach 
coal
coast 
coat
cock
coffee 
coin 
Coke
cold 
cold-blooded 
collar
colleague 
collect 
collection
college 
colour (美color) 
comb
combine
come (came, come) 
comedy
comfort
comfortable 
comma 
command 
comment 
common 
communicate 
communication 
communism
communist 
companion
company 
compare
compete 
competition
competitor 
complete 
composition 
compressed
computer 
computer game
comrade 
conceited 
concert
conclude 
conclusion
condition
conduct
conductor
conference
congratulate 
congratulation
connect
connection
conservation 
conservative
consider
considerate
consideration
consist 
constant 
construct
construction 
contain
container
content
continent 
continue
contrary
contribution 
control 
convenience 
convenient
conversation
cook 
cooker
cookie
cool 
cop 
copy
coral 
cordless
corn 
corner
correct 
correction 
correspond 
cost
cost (cost, cost)
cottage
cotton
cough 
could
count 
counter 
country 
countryside 
couple 
courage
course
coursebook 
court 
courtyard 
cousin
cover 
cow 
cowboy
co-worker.
crayon
crazy 
cream 
create
credit
crime 
criminal
crew 
crop 
cross
crossing
crossroads
crowd 
crowded 
cruel
cry 
cubic
culture
cup 
cupboard 
cure
curious
currency
curtain
cushion
custom
customer 
customs
cut (cut, cut) 
cycle
cyclist
 

D

dad = daddy 
daily
dam
damage
damp 
dance
danger 
dangerous
dare
dark 
darkness 
dash
data 
database 
date
daughter
dawn 
day 
daylight
dead 
deadline
deaf
deal
dear 
death 
debate
debt
December
decide
decision
declare 
decorate
decoration
deed
deep
deeply 
deer 
defeat 
defence (美defense)
defend 
degree 
delay
delete 
delicious
delight 
delighted 
deliver 
demand
dentist
department (缩
Dept.) 
department store 
departure
depend 
depth 
describe
description 
desert1 
design
desire
desk
dessert
destroy
detective 
determination 
determine
develop
development 
devote 
devotion 
diagram 
dial 
dialogue (美 dialog) 
diamond 
diary
dictation
dictionary 
diet
differ 
difference 
different
difficult
difficulty 
dig (dug, dug) 
digest
digital
dine 
dining room
dinner 
dip 
diploma
direct 
direction
director 
directory 
dirt 
dirty
disability
disabled
disadvantage 
disagree
disagreement 
disappear 
disappoint
disappointment 
disaster 
discount 
discourage 
discover 
discovery
discrimination
discuss 
discussion
disease 
dish 
disk =disc 
dislike 
dismiss
disobey
distance
distant 
district
disturb
dive 
divide
division 
dizzy
do (did, done)
doctor
document 
does
dog
doll
dollar 
door
dormitory(缩dorm)
dot
double 
double-decker 
doubt 
down
download 
downstairs
downtown 
downward
dozen 
Dr(缩) = Doctor
drag
draw (drew, drawn) 
drawer
drawing
dream (dreamt,
dreamt 或-ed, -ed)
dress 
drier =dryer 
drill 
drink
drink (drank,
drunk)
drive (drove,
driven) 
driver 
driver''s license(美)
driving-licence(英) 
drop
drown 
drug
drum 
drunk 
dry 
dryer 
duck
duckling 
due 
dull
dumpling 
during 
dusk 
dust
dustbin 
dusty 
duty 
DVD (digital
versatile disk)
 

E

each
eager 
eagle 
ear 
early
earn 
earth 
earthquake 
ease 
easily 
east 
Easter
eastern 
eastwards 
easy
easy-going 
eat (ate, eaten)
edge 
edition 
editor
educate 
educator
education
effect
effort 
egg
eggplant 
Egypt
Egyptian
eight 
eighteen 
eighth
eighty 
either 
elder
elect 
electric
electrical
electricity
electronic 
elephant 
eleven
else
E-mail
embassy
emergency 
emperor
empire
employ
empty 
encourage
encouragement
end 
ending
endless 
enemy 
energetic
energy 
engine
engineer 
England
English 
English-speaking
enjoy
enjoyable 
enlarge
enough 
enquiry
enter 
entertainment
entire 
entrance 


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