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例如见Cynthia Anderson-Barker, Election Fraud in Mexico: A Case Study of Elections in the State of Michoacan on July 12, 1992, 16 Loyola of Los Angeles International & Comparative Law Review 307 (1994).
参见Melvin Hinich and Michael Munger, Analytical Politics, New York: Cambridge University Press (1996).
见Oriz v. City of Phila. Office of the City Commrs Voter Registration Div., 28 F.3d 306, 318 (3d Cir. 1994).
参见Kasper v. Board of Election Commrs of Chicago, 814 F.2d 332 (7th Cir. 1987), at 334.
Anderson v. United States, 417 U.S. 211 (1974).
United States v. Cole, 41 F.3d 303 (7th Cir. 1994); United States v. Olinger, 759 F.2d 1293 (7th Cir.).
United States v. Bryant, 516 F.2d 307, 308 (7th Cir. 1975); United States v. States, 488 F.2d 761, 762 (8th Cir. 1973).
United States v. Classic, 313 U.S. 299 (1941).
United States v. Gradwell, 243 U.S. 476 (1917); James v. Bowman, 190 U.S. 127 (1903); United States v. EB Malmay, 671 F.2d 869, 890 (5th Cir. 1982); United States v. Bowman, 636 F.2d 1003, 1005 (5th Cir. 1981)。例如用30美元或一瓶威士忌购买一张缺席选票，见United States v. Odom, 858 F.2d 664 (11th Cir. 1988).
United States v. Boards, 10 F.3d 587 (8th Cir. 1993)。例如有的选民已经搬走，但是伪造的登记信息表明他们仍然住在当地并以他们的名义登记选举，见United States v. Howard, 774 F.2d 838 (7th Cir. 1985).
United States v. Mason, 673 F.2d 737, 740 (4th Cir. 1982).
Bush v. Gore, 121 S. Ct. 525。在该案中，共和党候选人布什在关键的佛罗里达州以万分之二的微弱优势击败民主党候选人戈尔，而后者认为机器验票过程中认定的某些「废票」其实是投给他的，因而请求法院命令手工计票。参见张千帆：「论美国总统大选中的宪政问题」，《中外法学》2001年第4期。
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